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第213095号 2006年Unit 10 The world around us[上学期] 新人教版 |
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Unit 10 The world around us 知能聚焦 (Language Points ) 单 词和短 语 Jungle fur antelope lead wolf hippo environmental tour act endangerment measure original battery devote common valuable reduce respond amount package flat material poster topic graph brief in danger take measures die out make a difference devote…to… in the wild at present set free keep…from doing… take sb. on a tour lead to throw away be used to adapt to end up make a list of 主要句型 (1) Because/As/since(2) If…,then…(3) We don’t always do as we say.(4) It will cause/lead to…(5) The animal or plant has to either adapt to the change or find a new home.(6) The number of the milu deer has grown every year.(7) We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us. 语法要点 Review direct and Indirect Speech: 复习直接引语和间接引语 课前热身 (Warming up) 1 背景知识(Background) 该单元中心话题是“环境保护”,内容涉及“野生动物保护”,“污染的防治”,“生活中的保护”和“环抱知识宣传“。课文主要讲述环境专家 Steve Jones 带领一批科技工作者对伯明翰的Green Park 进行考察,他们观察到地球上许多动植物已经灭绝,并分析了其原因,最后专家呼吁广大民众应积极行动起来拯救濒危的动植物。拯救一切动植物的濒危,就是为了拯救人类的濒危。 目前,中国环境也面临着巨大的挑战和困扰,如大气污染问题、垃圾处理问题、土地荒漠化和沙灾问题、水环境污染问题、水土流失问题、旱灾和水灾问题、生物多样性破坏问题,下面一段文字足以说明问题。 中国是生物多样性破坏性较严重的国家,高等植物中濒危或接近濒危的物种达4000-5000种,约占中国拥有的物种总数的15%-20%,高于世界10%-15%的平均水平。在联合国{国际濒危物种贸易公约}列出的640种世界濒危物种中,中国有156种,约占总数的1/4。中国滥扑乱杀野生动物和大量捕食野生动物的现象仍然十分严重,屡禁不止。 中国土地荒漠化和沙灾问题也日去严重,目前,中国国土上的荒漠化已占国土陆地总面积的27。3%,而且,荒漠化面积还以2460平方公里的速度增长。中国 每年遭受的强沙尘暴天气由50年代的5次增加到90年代的23次。 对于沙尘暴天气的肆虐想必同学们非常熟悉,亲爱的同学们,你们身边还有那些环境问题呢?我们应该如何面对这些问题呢? 2. 话题 (Topics) As we know, more and more plants and animals are in danger, do you know why they are in danger? What can we do to help the endangered animals? 读写指导 (Instructions for Reading and Writing ) 1. Reading: Paragraph 1. An environmental expert says that we have to stop endangering other animals and plants, otherwise we human beings would become endangered. Paragraph 2. We should know more about what causes endangerment, thus, we could take measures to protect the animals and plants . Paragraph 3. There is a lot we can do to help by expanding and protecting habitats, and by reducing pollution. 2. Writing : a. How to make poster ? (如何制作海报) Making a great poster can be fun and is certainly a challenge! Here are some ideas about how to get the most attention for your efforts. I). A GREAT POSTER IS... readable, Readability is a measure of how easily the ideas flow from one item to the next. Text that has lots of grammatical problems, complex or passive sentence structure, and misspellings is "hard to read". legible, If a text is legible, it can be deciphered. For example, an old book may not be legible if the paper has corroded or the lettering has faded. A common error in poster presentations is use of fonts that are too small to be read from 6-10 feet away, a typical distance for reading a poster. well organized, and Spatial organization makes the difference between reaching 95% rather than just 5% of your audience: time spent hunting for the next idea or piece of data is time taken away from thinking about the science. Brief, Studies show that you have only 11 seconds to grab and retain your audience''''s attention so make the punchline prominant and brief. Most of your audience is going to absorb only the punchline. Those who are directly involved in related research will seek you out anyway and chat with you at length so you can afford to leave out all the details and tell those who are really interested the "nitty gritty" later. 2). TWO WAYS TO MAKE A POSTER ARE TO have someone else do it, or A professional illustrator will ask you about all the items in this presentation! Although they will execute the work, you are the final arbiter of the quality and content of the poster. make your own. Designing the poster elements. Most posters are most quickly made using some kind of computer software. A word processing program plus a few graphics packages (e.g. CricketGraph, MacDraw Pro, Aldus Freehand, Adobe Photoshop for IBM or MacIntosh) are important tools. If you have not tried computer graphics or are just starting out, find someone whose poster you like and ask them what they use and if they like it. A sample Every week, 500,000 of these are used to make the Sunday newspaper. Recycling saves trees and money. Why wouldn you recycle? 要点解析 (Key Points Analysis ) 1. We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us. 句中without 在这里表示假设条件,相当if there were no plants or animals around us.句中的cannot…without是双重否定表示肯定,常见的搭配形式有: It is + 否定词 + 不定式 + without + 名词(动名词) There + be + no + 主语 + without + 名词(动名词) 主语 + 否定谓语 + without + 名词(动名词) Without air, water and energy there would be no living things. 没有水、空气和能量,也就没有生命。 There will be no rain without wind. 没有风哪有雨。 One cannot make bricks without straw. 巧妇难为无米之炊。 You cannot learn Chinese well without making great effect. 只要努力,你才能学好汉语。 2. Keep sb/sth from doing sth 与stop/prevent…from doing sth . 这三个词组的意思都是阻止/妨碍。。。做。。。。 在keep… from doing sth.中 ,from 不能省咯,在stop/prevent…from doing sth中,from 可以省略,但用于被动语态不能省略。 We were kept from catching the train on time by heavy traffic. 交通繁忙他们不能按时赶上火车。 The heavy rain kept us from finishing our work on time. 大雨使我们不能按时完成工作。 It’s the best way to prevent such a thing happening again. 这是最好阻止类似事件再次发生的最好的办法。 Nobody could stop her doing so. 没有人能阻止她这样做。 3. We don’t always do as we say, Steve says as he takes us on a tour of Green Park in Birmingham. 第一个 as 作连词,连接方式状语从句,意思是“按照,如同”。第二个也作连词,连接时间状语从句。意思是“当。。。的时候。另外,as…as的结构表示“象。。。一样”。 Talk it as it is 实话实说。. Do as the leader tells you to . 领导咋说就咋办。 A citizen have the right to tell what they know. 每个公民有权利说出他们所知道的。 Remember to turn off the lights and lock the door as you leave. 记着走的时候关门关灯。 4.Many of the earth’s plants and animals have already died out. die out 的意思是“灭绝、逐渐消失、逐渐止息”,主要用于家族、物种灭绝;或指习俗、观念消失、过时; 也指火逐渐熄灭。 [词语拓展] die away 逐渐停止、消失 die back (植物)枝叶枯萎 die down 逐渐减弱、逐渐模糊 die hard (旧习俗)难改掉、难消失 die off 相继死去 The fire died out. 火灭了。 The old habits are dying out 旧的习惯正在消失。 This kind of animal is dying out. 这种动物逐渐绝种。 5.We must learn to act in ways that do not harm other living things. 句中的that 引导的是一个定语从句,修饰ways ,that在句中做主语,所以不能省略,做宾语时可以省略。 This is a plan that won’t work. 这是一个行不同的计划。 I have a dream that will never come true. 我有一个永远不会实现的梦想。 6. If we know more about what causes endangerment, we may be able to take measure before it is too late. take measures 与 take steps 意义相同,是“采取措施”的意思. Take one’s measure 的意思是“给某人两尺寸(做衣服)”. before 在这里的意思是“ 。。。(还没有)”。 We must take measures to protect out environment 我们必须采取措施来保护环境。 We should take effective measures to keep the air from being polluted. 我们应该采取有效措施防止空气污染。 The fire lasted for about five hours before the firefighters could control it. 大火持续了大约5个小时,消防队员将火控制了。 7. the animal or plant has to either adapt to the change or find a new home. adapt to 是“适应” 的意思;either…or…表示“或者。。。或者。。。”, 是一个连词词组,连接两个并列的成分,可以连接主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。当连接两个主语时,谓语的数随后面的主语变化,既采用“临近原则”。 He adapted himself to the cold weather. 他适应了寒冷的天气。 The animal has adapted to its new environment. 这个动物已经适应了它的新环境。 You can either stay or go home. 你留下也行,回家也行。 The computer games they produce are either cool or boring. 他们制作的电脑游戏要么很酷,要么很闷。 8. endanger (vt.)危及。。。,危害。。。,使遭到危险。 You will endanger your health if you work so hard. 过度工作会危害身体。 This kind of disease will endanger your life. 这种疾病会危及你的生命。 9.Even small things can make a make a big difference. Make a difference 意思是“有影响,产生差别”。 It makes a difference which you choose. 你选择那一个,是关重大。 Whether he goes or not makes no difference to me. 他去不去,对我来说没什么影响。 10.Be sure of 和 be sure to be sure to 的主语是人,表示主语本人感到“有把握,确信”,既主观的判断;be sure to 的主语是人,也可以是物,表示说话人推测“一定会,必然会”,既客观的看法或推断。 He is sure of success. 他确信他会成功。 Tom is sure to succeed. 汤姆一定会成功。(说这句话的人确信,而不是 Tom 本人) 11…has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer. .. devote与 to 连用), 表示“献身、专心于。。。”,也可以说 devote oneself to sth/doing sth或be devoted to sht /doing sth. They devote themselves to fighting against pollution. 他们致力于抵制污染。 Some students are devoted to the study of chemistry. 一些学生专心学习化学。 He devoted all his time to his job. 他把全部时间都用于工作上了。 12. stop doing 与 stop to do stop doing 表示停止做某事;stop to do 表示停止手中的事情,去做另一件事。 They stopping talking. 他们停止了谈话。 They stopped to talk. 他们停下了手里的活儿,谈起话来了。 13. end up as与end up with. end up as 表示“作为。。。而结束、告终, end up with 表示“以。。。结束”。 Coral starts its life as an animal but ends up as a plant . 珊瑚以动物的形式作为生命的开始,却以植物的形式结束。 The party ended up with a beautiful and unforgettable song. 晚会以一首美妙、难忘的歌曲结束。 14. look for ,find, find out find 多指偶然发现,碰到,强调找的结果。Find out 指通过努力、研究和探索弄清事实,发现真相。Look for 表示寻找,强调找的动作。 She looked for her lost watch everywhere, but she failed to find it. 她到处寻找丢失的手表,但是没找到。 Have you found out why he was late? 你弄清了他为什么迟到的原因吗? 能力升华 (Developing Skills) 【知能演练】 读下列短文,然后用所给词的适当形式填空 thing reason cause leave kill polluted destroy die out used to in danger Ever since life began, the earth is the home to many different kinds of Living ___. However, many of these are ___. There are many ___ for animals dying out. First, many animals have been ___ for food. Second, many places where animals ___ live have been ____. ___ rivers and lakes have also been a ___ of death. One example of animal _ ___is the tiger. In 1900 there were about 100,000 tigers is Asia. But in 1970 there were just 5,000 ___ . Today there are probably no more than 400 tigers left in China. 【拓展训练】 Read the short passage and then try to fill in the blanks with the words from the text. We human beings are not _____in the world. There are animals and plants ___us, ___which we could not ___. Unluckily, many of the earth’s animals and plants have already ___and some other species are ___. We have to learn how to protect other living things in order to live a ___life and have a ___future . However, what shall we do? ____ _____ _____ we have to learn more about animals, plants and the ______. Then we need to think about what we can to _____ animals and plants ____ becoming endangered. For example, we can help ____ _____ more space for animals and plants. What’s more, we don’t_____. As a result, we can not only keep animals and plants but also ____ from becoming endangered. 单元测试 ( Test for Unit 10 ) I.单项选择 (共15小题,每题1分,计15分) 1. Now he has been used to ____early for morning exercise. A. get up B. getting up C. got up D. going to bed 2. The old professor ____the educational cause of the Party. A. devoted to B. is devoted to C. devote himself to D. is devoted himself to 3. He is now ___losing his life. A. in danger B. endangered C. in danger of D. in danger for 4. The heavy snow ____us carrying out the plan as planned. A. kept B. prevented C. was kept D. was stopped 5. We should try to help the two orphans _____their new homes as soon as possible. A. live in B. adapt to C. used to D. loved 6. ---I think I’d like a bottle of orange. What about you? ---______. A. As you B. like you have C. I, too D. The same to you 7. We can take ____ the car on the way to QingHai . A. a turn driving B. turns at driving C. turns to drive D. a turn to drive 8. After the war, a new hospital was set up____ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when 9. He asked me ____ . A. what was the lost bike like B. how was the lost bike C. what the lost bike looked like D. how the lost bike looked like 10. whether you stay or not will ____ to me . A. make difference B. be difference C. make no difference D. different 11.The teachers did what they could ______ their students. A. helping B. to help C. helped D. help 12. The bus didn’t stop _______ up the passengers, because it was full. A. pick B. to pick C. picking D. picked 13. There, far from here, you can find ____island on which lives an old man living ____. A. an alone; lonely B. a lonely; lonely C. an alone; alone D. a lonely; alone 14. On the farm there are many ___and _____and there are _____in the pool. A. deers; sheep; fishes B. deers; sheeps; fishes C. deer; sheeps; fish D. deer; sheep; fish 15. ----Good morning, Grand Hotel. ---Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th. ---______. A. What can I do for you B. Just a minute, please. C. What’s the matter? D. At your service Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题,每题1.5分,计30分) A strange thing happened to me last Sunday. It was such a beautiful day that I decided to go for a drive in the country. On the way__16_ home, my mother stopped. It was out of petrol on a lonely road far _17__ a town. I decided to walk _18__ I found someone who could sell me a gallon or two of petrol. I __19__ almost a mile before I finally found a big house near the road. I was 20___ to see it because it was starting to get dark. I _21__ at the door and a little old lady with __22__ answered. She said, “ I _23__ for you a long time . Come in. Tea is almost ready. “ “But I only came for some petrol,” I answered . I couldn’t imagine _24___ she was talking about. “Oh, Alfred! Petrol? You _25___ prefer tea.” I quickly explained that my car was out of petrol, _26__ she didn’t seem to hear me. She just kept calling me Alfred and _27__ about how long it had been _28__. I was anxious to leave. As soon as she went to get tea, I went _29__the house as fast as I could. Fortunately, there was _30__ house down the road and I was able to buy __31_ gallons of petrol. When I told the man about my _32__, he said, “Oh, that is Miss Emily. She lives by herself in that big house . She’s _33__ but she wouldn’t hurt _34__. She is still waiting for the man she was supposed to 35___ thirty years ago. The day before their wedding he went away and never came back.” 16. A. to B. at C. back D. for 17. A. from B. in C. away D. beside 18. A. when B. after C. until D. and 19. A. walked B. had walked C. was walking D. would walk 20. A. beat B. stood C. knocked D. struck 21. A. long white hair B. white long hair C. long white hairs D. white long hairs 22. A. have been waiting B. am going to wait C. am waiting D. had waited 23. A. done B. ready C. preparing D. gone 24. A. how B. that C. why D. what 25. A. are used to B. used to C. got used to D. were used to 26. A. though B. therefore C. but D. which 27. A. talked B. talking C. talk D. to talk 28.A. since B. because C. and D. until 29. A. into B. to C. away D. out of 30. A. an other B. another C. other D. the 31 .A. much B. few C. several D. a little 32. A. expression B. idea C. plan D. experience 33. A. kind B. funny C. peculiar D. angry 34. A. none B. someone C. everyone D. anyone 35. A. marry B. marry with C. marry to D. be married Ⅲ 阅读理解(共10小题,计20分) A Pable Picasso, the great Spanish painter, was born in 1881. When he died in 1973, he was ninety-one years old. But he still took up his paints and brushes to start a new picture as if he were seeing things for the first time. When he was over ninety, he still lived his life like a young man. He was still restlessly looking for new ideas and for new ways to use his artistic materials. Most painters discover a style of painting that suits them and stick to that, especially if people admire their pictures. As the artist grows older, his paintings may change, but not very much. But, Picasso was like a man who had not yet found his own particular style of painting. He was still struggling to find perfect expression for his own uneasy spirit. Some of Picasso’s paintings are rich, soft and beautiful, which are true to life. Others are ugly and cruel and strange with sharp, black outlines. But such paintings allow people to imagine things for themselves. Picasso painted thousand of pictures on many different styles. If ever anyone was born to be a painter, Picasso was . If you like looking at picture, try to find some books of Picasso’s paintings and of other artists’ too – and we what they mean to you 36. The reason that we consider Picasso the youngest painter in the world is that___ A. he became famous when he was young. B. he liked to draw pictures about young people. C. He led his life like a young man all his life. D His paintings were particularly enjoyed by young people. 37. From this passage, we know___ A. most painters enjoy Picasso’s paintings B. most painters are continually looking for new ideas C. most painter’s style of painting is changeable D. most painter stick to a style of painting especially when people admire their pictures 38. Picasso never gave up looking for new ways even when he was over ninety because____ A. he was always trying to be perfect B. he had not yet found his own particular style of painting C. he was in good health D. he thought he was still young 39. One of the characteristics of Picasso’s paintings is that ___. A. they are rich, soft and beautiful B. they are rich, ugly and cruel and strange with sharp, black outlines C. they made people imagine things for themselves D. they showed a particular style 40. which of the following statements is not true? A. Picasso painted his pictures in whatever manner seemed best to him B. When Picasso was old, he stopped changing his style of painting. C. He himself remained as curious about the world as he had been when he was young. D. His paintings make us look beneath the surface of the things we see. B When my first wartime Christmas came, I was in basic training in New Jersey and not sure if I could make it home for the holidays. Only on the afternoon of December 23 was the list of men who would have three-day passes posted. I was one of the lucky soldiers. It was Christmas Eve when I arrived, and a light snow had fallen. Mother opened the front door. I could see beyond her into the corner of the living room where the tree had always stood. There were lights, all colors, shining against the green of a pine. “Where did it come from?” I asked. “I asked the gate boy to cut it.” My mother said. “ I wouldn’t have had one just for myself, but when called—on, such a rush! He brought it in this afternoon” The pine reached to proper height, almost to ceiling, and the Tree Top Crystal Star was in its place. A few green branches reached about a little disorderly at the side, I thought, and there was a bit of bare trunk showing in the middle. But the tree filled the room with warm light and the whole house with the pleasant smell of Christmas. “It’s not like the one you used to find.” my mother went on. “Yours were always in good shape. I suppose the gate boy didn’t know where to look. But I couldn’t be critical.” “Don’t worry,” I told her. “It’s perfect.” It wasn’t, of course, but at the moment I realized something for the first time: all Christmas trees are perfect. 41.From the passage, we can infer that____. A. the writer spent his first Christmas during the war B. all soldiers did not go home for Christmas during the C. all the soldiers had three-day passes D. the writer did not want to go home for Christmas at first 42.When the writer got home,______. A. it was December 23 B. it was snowing heavily C. he found a Christmas tree in the living room D. he gate boy was cutting a Christmas tree for his mother 43.From the passage, we can conclude that____. A. the writer used to cut very beautiful Christmas trees B. his mother didn’t like perfect trees C. his mother didn’t want to have a pine tree D. the writer wouldn’t have tree cut by someone else 44.All Christmas trees are perfect, because they can remind you of ___. A. the wartime B. the green of a pine C. the pleasant smell D. the sweet home 45. The best title for this passage would be “____” A. How to choose a Christmas Tree B. How soldiers Spent Christmas C. Perfect Christmas Tree D. Christmas With a Tree IV。 短文改错(共10小题,计10分) If there are much more people in the world, .46______ Then there must have more food to feed 47.______ the people. But food is already problem today. 48.______ One-third of the world’s population is 49.______ Starving, because there was not enough food. 50.______ Ten thousand people die of hunger everyday in 51.______ Some parts of the world. But in other’s part of 52.______ The world, people become ill or die because 53.______ They eat too much food. The world need to 54.______ produce more food than it is now. 55.______ V。书面表达(25分) 下列表格为某市1990与2003年人们度假方式的情况比较,请按表格内容用英语写一篇100单词左右的短文,并对度假方式变化原因加以简要评析。 1990 2003 原因 爬山野营 11% 34% 回归自然 境外旅游 11% 22% 收入增加 海边度假 38% 31% 海水污染 开头已给出: The way people spent their holidays changed a lot from 1990 to 2003 -_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 10 参考答案: 智能演练: things dying out reasons killed used to destroyed polluted cause in danger left 拓展训练: alone around without survive died out endangered better bright First of all environment keep from by creating pollute ourselves 单元检测: 1-5 BBCBB 6-10 DBBCC 11-15 BBDBB 16-20 CACBD 21-25 CAADB 26-30 CBADB 31-35 CDCDA 36-40 CDACB 41-45 BCADC 46. much 改为 many 47. have 改为 be 48. problem 前加 the 49. is 改为 are 50. was 改为 is 51. everyday 改为 every day 52. other’s 改为other 53. 正确 54. need 改为 needs 55 is 改为 does One possible version: The way people spent their holidays changed a lot from 1999 to 2003. The table shows that a greater number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad. The rate of 2003 (22%) doubled that of 1999 (11%) . And we are sure the number will increase because more and more people can afford the journeys. The seaside still attracted people. The rate dropped slightly from 38% in 1999 to 31% in 2003. But there might be a further decrease because of the pollution. The polluted seaside would certainly drive visitors away. Thins about camping and climbing were almost the same. The rate of that grew by three times. The reason may be that the beauty of nature is striking people. They are eager to get closer to nature.
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